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    Atmosphere-Ocean CO2 exchange across the last deglaciation from the boron isotope proxy

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    Article (2.732Mb)
    Date Issued
    2019-09-09
    Author
    Coffin, Richard B.
    Shao, Jun
    Stott, Lowell D.
    Gray, William R.
    Greenop, Rossanna
    Pecher, Ingo
    Neil, Helen L.
    Davy, Bryan
    Rae, James W.B.
    ORCID
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-6474
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2025-0731
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5608-7836
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3797-877X
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-5069
    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1926-1393
    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-2526
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-6474
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2025-0731
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5608-7836
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3797-877X
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-5069
    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1926-1393
    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-2526
    Metadata
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    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003498
    URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/90015
    Abstract
    Identifying processes within the Earth System that have modulated atmospheric pCO2 during each glacial cycle of the late Pleistocene stands as one of the grand challenges in climate science. The growing array of surface ocean pH estimates from the boron isotope proxy across the last glacial termination may reveal regions of the ocean that influenced the timing and magnitude of pCO2 rise. Here we present two new boron isotope records from the subtropical-subpolar transition zone of the Southwest Pacific that span the last 20 kyr, as well as new radiocarbon data from the same cores. The new data suggest this region was a source of carbon to the atmosphere rather than a moderate sink as it is today. Significantly higher outgassing is observed between ~16.5 and 14 kyr BP, associated with increasing δ13C and [CO3]2− at depth, suggesting loss of carbon from the intermediate ocean to the atmosphere. We use these new boron isotope records together with existing records to build a composite pH/pCO2 curve for the surface oceans. The pH disequilibrium/CO2 outgassing was widespread throughout the last deglaciation, likely explained by upwelling of CO2 from the deep/intermediate ocean. During the Holocene, a smaller outgassing peak is observed at a time of relatively stable atmospheric CO2, which may be explained by regrowth of the terrestrial biosphere countering ocean CO2 release. Our stack is likely biased toward upwelling/CO2 source regions. Nevertheless, the composite pCO2 curve provides robust evidence that various parts of the ocean were releasing CO2 to the atmosphere over the last 25 kyr.
    Citation
    Shao, J., Stott, L.D., Gray, W.R., Greenop, R., Pecher, I., Neil, H.L., Coffin, R.B., Davy, B. and Rae, J.W., 2019. Atmosphere‐ocean CO2 exchange across the last deglaciation from the Boron Isotope Proxy. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 34(10), pp.1650-1670.
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