Coastal Ecosystem Processes
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Browsing Coastal Ecosystem Processes by Subject "Estuary"
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Item Disparate Responses of Carbonate System in Two Adjacent Subtropical Estuaries to the Influence of Hurricane Harvey – A Case Study(Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020-01-31) Hu, Xinping; Yao, Hongming; Staryk, Cory J.; McCutcheon, Melissa R.; Wetz, Michael S.; Walker, LilyTwo adjacent estuaries in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) (Mission–Aransas or MAE and Guadalupe–San Antonio or GE), despite their close proximity and similar extents of freshening caused by Hurricane Harvey, exhibited different behaviors in their post-hurricane carbonate chemistry and CO2 fluxes. The oligotrophic MAE had little change in post-Harvey CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and CO2 flux even though the center of Harvey passed right through, while GE showed a large post-Harvey increases in both pCO2 and CO2 flux, which were accompanied by a brief period of low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions likely due to the large input of organic matter mobilized by the hurricane. The differences in the carbonate chemistry and CO2 fluxes were attributed to the differences in the watersheds from which these estuaries receive freshwater. The GE watershed is larger and covers urbanized areas, and, as a result, GE is considered relatively eutrophic. On the other hand, the MAE watershed is smaller, much less populous, and MAE is oligotrophic when river discharge is low. Despite that Harvey passed through MAE, the induced changes in carbonate chemistry and CO2 flux there were less conspicuous than those in GE. This study suggested that disturbances by strong storms to estuarine carbon cycle may not be uniform even on such a small spatial scale. Therefore, disparate responses to these disturbances need to be studied on a case-by-case basis.Item Environmental controls upon picophytoplankton growth and biomass in a eutrophic estuary(Inter-Research, 2011-03-31) Wetz, Michael S.; Paerl, Hans W.; Taylor, Christopher; Leonard, Jeremy A.We assessed the role of top-down versus bottom-up factors in regulating picophytoplankton (PicoP) growth and overall phytoplankton size structure in a eutrophic estuary. PicoP biomass reached an annual maximum in summer/fall and was positively correlated with temperature. Ephemeral blooms (chlorophyll a > 20 µg l–1) of PicoP were observed in the upper and middle regions of the estuary despite inorganic nitrogen concentrations <1 µmol l–1. Nutrient-amended PicoP growth rates were similar to in situ growth rates in the upper estuary, and PicoP biomass was negatively correlated with river-derived inorganic nitrogen concentrations, indicating that regenerated nutrients are a major source of nitrogen supporting PicoP growth. Microzooplankton grazing rates routinely exceeded PicoP growth rates during summer; therefore, grazing must have become uncoupled from PicoP growth on timescales shorter than the interval between grazing experiments (i.e. 2 to 4 wk) for PicoP to have bloomed. Field data point to the possibility of trophic cascades involving copepods, protistan grazers, and phytoplankton as a mechanism for this growth–grazing uncoupling. These and other recent findings indicate that bottom-up factors alone cannot explain the PicoP blooms observed in some estuarine systems and emphasize the need for grazing control studies to better understand the regulation of primary production.Item Water quality trends in Texas estuaries(Elsevier Ltd., 2020-01-15) Bugica, Kalman; Sterba-Boatwright, Blair; Wetz, Michael S.Coastal watersheds in Texas have experienced significant human population growth over the past several decades, yet there have been no comprehensive assessments of water quality trends in Texas estuaries. Here, analysis of historical estuarine water quality data indicates regional “hot spots” of change. Galveston Bay and Oso Bay, which have highly urbanized watersheds, currently exhibit symptoms of eutrophication. Symptoms of eutrophication were also found in the Baffin Bay-Upper Laguna Madre complex, which has a sparsely populated but agriculturally-intensive watershed. Increasing salinity was observed in estuaries of the central Texas coast and are attributed to long-term decreases in freshwater inflow. Another artifact of decreasing freshwater inflow is a reduction in the delivery of carbonate minerals to estuaries, which manifests as decreases in pH. With findings from this study, targeted studies can now be directed at the estuaries that are experiencing water quality degradation in order to guide future management efforts.