Assessing the acute toxicity of photodegraded anthracene with in vitro and in vivo skin models

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dc.contributor.advisorXu, Wei
dc.contributor.authorBrzezinski, Molly
dc.contributor.committeeMemberSeemann, Frauke
dc.contributor.committeeMemberConkle, Jeremy
dc.contributor.committeeMemberZhu, Lin
dc.creator.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0417-3406en_US
dc.date.accessioned2022-12-06T20:52:32Z
dc.date.available2022-12-06T20:52:32Z
dc.date.issued2022-07-20
dc.descriptionA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Marine Biology from Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi in Corpus Christi, Texas.en_US
dc.description.abstractThe Gulf Coast of Texas is heavily inundated with petroleum refineries that release Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) into nearby waters, and these chemicals may pose a threat to human health when they interact with environmental conditions. PAHs are a group of hundreds of different chemicals, and the Environmental Protection Agency has identified 16 priority PAHs. Many of these chemicals are acute skin irritants and can cause skin, lung, bladder, and liver cancer with chronic exposure. Humans can be exposed when they interact with contaminated air, soil, and water. Recent studies have demonstrated that abiotic factors such as UV light, salinity, and pH can modify PAH structure, however, it is unknown how these modifications affect acute toxicity to the human skin barrier. The objectives of this study were to characterize the phototoxic effects of a priority PAH, anthracene by testing photodegradation treatments on cell culture and animal models. Gas chromatography and mass-spectroscopy confirmed the presence of 1,9-anthraquinone and phthalic acid, both known skin irritants, in photodegradation products. Keratinocyte cell culture was used to assess the impacts of photodegraded anthracene on cell migration, viability, and stratification development. We found that longer photodegradation times resulted in decreased cell viability and increased migration. A unique three-dimensional stratification assay demonstrated that photodegraded anthracene reduces differentiation in apical keratinocytes. Relative gene expression analysis suggests that keratinocytes bypass TLR-4 activation and utilize IL-1?, IL-1?, and TNF-? to produce an inflammatory response. Mus musculus studies indicate that extracellular matrix remodeling may be induced by 4, 8, and 24-hour photodegraded intermediates by keratinocyte-derived Il-1?, S100a9, Mmp1, and Connexin43. The results of this study indicate that photodegradation can produce intermediates that may elicit dermal inflammation, and the presence of these intermediates should be evaluated in bays with high foot-traffic.en_US
dc.description.collegeCollege of Science and Engineeringen_US
dc.description.departmentLife Sciencesen_US
dc.format.extent76 pagesen_US
dc.identifier1969.6/1139
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/94536
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.rightsThis material is made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with its source. All rights are reserved and retained regardless of current or future development or laws that may apply to fair use standards. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the author and/or publisher.
dc.rightsThis material is made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with its source. All rights are reserved and retained regardless of current or future development or laws that may apply to fair use standards. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the author and/or publisher.en_US
dc.subjectmarine pollutionen_US
dc.subjectphotodegradationen_US
dc.subjectpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsen_US
dc.subjecttoxicologyen_US
dc.titleAssessing the acute toxicity of photodegraded anthracene with in vitro and in vivo skin modelsen_US
dc.typeText
dc.typeTexten_US
dc.type.genreThesis
dc.type.genreThesisen_US
thesis.degree.disciplineMarine Biology Programen_US
thesis.degree.grantorTexas A & M University--Corpus Christi
thesis.degree.grantorTexas A & M University--Corpus Christien_US
thesis.degree.levelMastersen_US
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Scienceen_US

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