Intraperitoneal dextrose administration as an alternative emergency treatment for hypoglycemic yearling California sea lions (Zalophus Californianus)

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dc.contributor.authorFravel, Vanessa A.
dc.contributor.authorVan Bonn, William
dc.contributor.authorGulland, Frances
dc.contributor.authorRios, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorFahlman, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorGraham, James
dc.contributor.authorHavel, Peter
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-10T18:39:34Z
dc.date.available2022-03-10T18:39:34Z
dc.date.issued2016-03
dc.description.abstractThe Marine Mammal Center (TMMC) cares for malnourished California sea lion (CSL) (Zalophus californianus) pups and yearlings every year. Hypoglycemia is a common consequence of malnutrition in young CSLs. Administering dextrose during a hypoglycemic crisis is vital to recovery. Traditional veterinary approaches to treat hypoglycemia pose therapeutic challenges in otariids, as vascular access and catheter maintenance can be difficult. The current approach to a hypoglycemic episode at TMMC is to administer dextrose intravenously (i.v.) by medically trained personnel. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) dextrose administration is an attractive alternative to i.v. administration because volunteer staff with basic training can administer treatment instead of waiting for trained staff to treat. This study compares the effects of i.v., i.p., and no dextrose administration on serum glucose and insulin in clinically healthy, euglycemic CSL yearlings. Three groups of animals, consisting of five sea lions each, were treated with 500 mg/kg dextrose using one of the following routes: i.v., i.p., or no dextrose (control). A jugular catheter was placed, and blood samples were collected at times 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min after dextrose administration. I.v. dextrose administration resulted in an increase of serum glucose concentrations from a baseline level of approximately 150 mg/dl to a peak of approximately 350 mg/dl. The resulting hyperglycemia persisted for approximately 2 hr and was associated with an attenuated plasma insulin response compared with most terrestrial mammals. Intraperitoneal dextrose administration resulted in increases of serum glucose to approximately 200 mg/dl, which gradually declined to baseline by 2 hr after dextrose administration. These data suggest that the initial treatment of a hypoglycemic crisis in young malnourished CSLs can be accomplished with i.p. dextrose, thus enabling minimally trained volunteer staff to respond immediately to a crisis. Further studies are needed to determine the most appropriate long-term treatment.en_US
dc.identifier.citationFravel, V.A., Van Bonn, W., Gulland, F., Rios, C., Fahlman, A., Graham, J.L. and Havel, P.J., 2016. Intraperitoneal dextrose administration as an alternative emergency treatment for hypoglycemic yearling California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine, pp.76-82.en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1638/2014-0187.1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/90251
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherJournal of zoo and wildlife medicineen_US
dc.subjectcalifornia sea lionen_US
dc.subjectzalophus californianusen_US
dc.subjectdextroseen_US
dc.subjecthypoglycemiaen_US
dc.subjectintraperitonealen_US
dc.subjectmarine mammalsen_US
dc.titleIntraperitoneal dextrose administration as an alternative emergency treatment for hypoglycemic yearling California sea lions (Zalophus Californianus)en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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