Toward improving ice water content and snow-rate retrievals from radars. Part II: results from three wavelength radar–collocated in situ measurements and CloudSat–GPM–TRMM radar data

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dc.contributor.authorHeymsfield, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorBansemer, Aaron
dc.contributor.authorWood, Norman
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Guosheng
dc.contributor.authorTanelli, Simone
dc.contributor.authorSy, Ousmane O.
dc.contributor.authorPoellot, Michael
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Chuntao
dc.creator.orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-4107-7533en_US
dc.creator.orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3714-1099en_US
dc.creator.orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-3910en_US
dc.creator.orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-6882en_US
dc.creator.orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3914-404Xen_US
dc.creator.orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-4107-7533
dc.creator.orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3714-1099
dc.creator.orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-3910
dc.creator.orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-6882
dc.creator.orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3914-404X
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-24T19:41:25Z
dc.date.available2022-03-24T19:41:25Z
dc.date.issued2018-02-01
dc.description.abstractTwo methods for deriving relationships between the equivalent radar reflectivity factor Ze and the snowfall rate S at three radar wavelengths are described. The first method uses collocations of in situ aircraft (microphysical observations) and overflying aircraft (radar observations) from two field programs to develop Ze–S relationships. In the second method, measurements of Ze at the top of the melting layer (ML), from radars on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), and CloudSat satellites, are related to the retrieved rainfall rate R at the base of the ML, assuming that the mass flux through the ML is constant. Retrievals of R are likely to be more reliable than S because far fewer assumptions are involved in the retrieval and because supporting ground-based validation data are available. The Ze–S relationships developed here for the collocations and the mass-flux technique are compared with those derived from level 2 retrievals from the standard satellite products and with a number of relationships developed and reported by others. It is shown that there are substantial differences among them. The relationships developed here promise improvements in snowfall-rate retrievals from satellite-based radar measurements.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research is supported by the National Science Foundation, CloudSat NASA Grant NNX16AP28G and PMM NNX13AH73G (AH, PI), by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Deb Vane, contract monitor. GL is supported by NASA NNX16AP27G. Portions of this work by NBW were performed at the University of Wisconsin–Madison for JPL. Operations of the Citation were supported by NASA grants GCPEX—NNX11AP12G, and OLYMPEX—NNX15AL39G. CL was supported by PMM NNX16AD76G. The work performed by S. Tanelli and O. Sy was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Support from the ACE mission concept Science Working Group, Precipitation Measurement Missions program and NASA Weather Focus Area are gratefully acknowledged.en_US
dc.identifier.citationHeymsfield, A., Bansemer, A., Wood, N.B., Liu, G., Tanelli, S., Sy, O.O., Poellot, M. and Liu, C., 2018. Toward improving ice water content and snow-rate retrievals from radars. Part II: Results from three wavelength radar–collocated in situ measurements and CloudSat–GPM–TRMM radar data. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 57(2), pp.365-389.en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-17-0164.1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/90321
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Meteorological Societyen_US
dc.subjectcloud microphysicsen_US
dc.subjectcloud retrievalen_US
dc.subjectconservation of massen_US
dc.subjectice particlesen_US
dc.titleToward improving ice water content and snow-rate retrievals from radars. Part II: results from three wavelength radar–collocated in situ measurements and CloudSat–GPM–TRMM radar dataen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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