Sea surface carbon dioxide at the Georgia time series site (2006–2007): Air–sea flux and controlling processes

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dc.contributor.authorXue, Liang
dc.contributor.authorCai, Wei-Jun
dc.contributor.authorHu, Xinping
dc.contributor.authorSabine, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorJones, Stacy
dc.contributor.authorSutton, Adrienne J.
dc.contributor.authorJiang, Li-Qing
dc.contributor.authorReimer, Janet
dc.contributor.authorXue, Liang
dc.contributor.authorCai, Wei-Jun
dc.contributor.authorHu, Xinping
dc.contributor.authorSabine, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorJones, Stacy
dc.contributor.authorSutton, Adrienne J.
dc.contributor.authorJiang, Li-Qing
dc.contributor.authorReimer, Janet
dc.creator.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0613-6545en_US
dc.creator.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-9488en_US
dc.creator.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0613-6545
dc.creator.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-9488
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-25T21:30:48Z
dc.date.available2022-03-25T21:30:48Z
dc.date.issued2016-01
dc.date.issued2016-01
dc.description.abstractCarbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) in surface seawater was continuously recorded every three hours from 18 July 2006 through 31 October 2007 using a moored autonomous pCO2 (MAPCO2) system deployed on the Gray’s Reef buoy off the coast of Georgia, USA. Surface water pCO2 (average 373 ± 52 μatm) showed a clear seasonal pattern, undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere in cold months and generally oversaturated in warm months. High temporal resolution observations revealed important events not captured in previous ship-based observations, such as sporadically occurring biological CO2 uptake during April–June 2007. In addition to a qualitative analysis of the primary drivers of pCO2 variability based on property regressions, we quantified contributions of temperature, air–sea exchange, mixing, and biological processes to monthly pCO2 variations using a 1-D mass budget model. Although temperature played a dominant role in the annual cycle of pCO2, river inputs especially in the wet season, biological respiration in peak summer, and biological production during April–June 2007 also substantially influenced seawater pCO2. Furthermore, sea surface pCO2 was higher in September–October 2007 than in September–October 2006, associated with increased river inputs in fall 2007. On an annual basis this site was a moderate atmospheric CO2 sink, and was autotrophic as revealed by monthly mean net community production (NCP) in the mixed layer. If the sporadic short productive events during April–May 2007 were missed by the sampling schedule, one would conclude erroneously that the site is heterotrophic. While previous ship-based pCO2 data collected around this buoy site agreed with the buoy CO2 data on seasonal scales, high resolution buoy observations revealed that the cruise-based surveys undersampled temporal variability in coastal waters, which could greatly bias the estimates of air–sea CO2 fluxes or annual NCP, and even produce contradictory results.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe study was supported by the NOAA Global Carbon Cycle Program, proposal GC05-208, Ocean Acidification Program, project OAPFY11.01.NGI.003, and NSF OCE-0425153. PMEL funding was provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. This is PMEL contribution #4260 and JISAO contribution #2399. LX thanks the China Scholarship Council for providing the scholarship fund (No. 201404180014) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41506099).en_US
dc.identifier.citationXue, L., Cai, W.J., Hu, X., Sabine, C., Jones, S., Sutton, A.J., Jiang, L.Q. and Reimer, J.J., 2016. Sea surface carbon dioxide at the Georgia time series site (2006–2007): Air–sea flux and controlling processes. Progress in Oceanography, 140, pp.14-26.en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.09.008
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.09.008
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/90329
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/90329
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectsea surfaceen_US
dc.subjectair–sea fluxen_US
dc.titleSea surface carbon dioxide at the Georgia time series site (2006–2007): Air–sea flux and controlling processesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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